Astonishingly DUMB "study"
An unimaginably idiotic social "scientist" did a "study". A human left the room, leaving a notebook in a box. Other things were in other boxes. When the human returned, the dog wasn't any more likely to spontaneously fetch the notebook than the other things.
WHAT? This is an absurd situation that NEVER occurs in real life. Why would the dog think the notebook was important or wanted?
You put it in the box, so I assume you wanted to leave it in the box.
Unbelievably dumb.
The "researcher" concluded, contrary to millions of life-saving REAL experiences, that dogs aren't helpful.
I speak from direct personal experience. When I was about 2 years old I was free to wander the neighborhood with our spaniel Sam. Once I got stuck in a drainage ditch. Sam ran to tell Mom, and led Mom back to where I was.
This sort of thing happens ALL THE TIME. Granted, some dogs are just as useless as cats or humans, but most are helpful if not heroic.
Footnote: Nowadays, of course, Mom would be in jail and I'd be in foster care, but America was sane in 1952.